Nuclear waste refers to radioactive materials that are produced as a byproduct of nuclear reactions, such as those taking place in power plants or during the production of nuclear weapons. These materials can include spent fuel rods from reactors, as well as other discarded items and debris that have been contaminated with radiation. Nuclear waste poses significant risks to human health and the environment due to its radioactivity, which can cause cancer and other illnesses if not properly contained and disposed of. As a result, there are strict regulations in place governing the handling, storage, and disposal of nuclear waste to minimize these risks.